Monitoring of infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventive medicine in zoos.Screening for parasitic and bacterial infections is important to keep animals and equipment safe from pathogens that may pose a risk to animal and human health.Zoos usually contain many different animal species living in proximity with people and w
Tooth extraction causes vertical and horizontal alveolar bone loss and consequent remodeling.Several methods have been introduced in terms of so-called “ridge preservation” techniques, which mostly resemble guided bone regenerative (GBR) procedures using filler materials and membranes in order to stabilize the respective sites.This conc
The meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis) remains an important threat to human health worldwide.This Gram-negative bacterium causes elevated disabilities and mortality in infected individuals.Despite several available vaccines, currently there is no universal vaccine against all circulating meningococcal strains (Vogel et al., 2013).Herein, we Dif